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Upper Harz
The Upper Harz ((ドイツ語:Oberharz)) refers to the western and higher part of the Harz mountain range in central Germany. Much of the Upper Harz is over , but at its eastern edge in the High Harz (''Hochharz'') it climbs to over on the Brocken massif.
== Geography ==
The exact location of the Upper Harz may be defined differently depending on the context. In its narrower sense the term Upper Harz only covers the seven Upper Harz mining towns (''Bergstädte'') - Clausthal, Zellerfeld, Andreasberg, Altenau, Lautenthal, Wildemann and Grund - in the present-day German federal state of Lower Saxony. This region was, for centuries, dominated by the hugely profitable silver mining industry and is also distinguished by its own dialect (see below). It is based, therefore, primarily on the geological structure of the region around Clausthal-Zellerfeld, the Clausthal ''Kulmfaltenzone'', extends across the northwestern Harz and is bordered in the east by the Söse depression and the Acker-Bruchberg ridge. The mining area of Sankt Andreasberg occupies a special place in this regard, because it is just east of the Bruchberg. The mines, more than anything else, have left a lasting impression on the region and left their traces in the towns and villages as well as the countryside (see e.g. Upper Harz Water Regale). In Clausthal-Zellerfeld, also known in the heyday of the mining industry as the "Capital of the Upper Harz", the borough of Oberharz ("Upper Harz") has its headquarters.
Another division into Upper and Lower Harz is based on the function of the Harz as a natural watershed. On this basis "by taking the Brocken as the mid-point, the Upper Harz includes everything to the west of it; the Lower Harz everything lying to the east. () All that drains from the western mountains belongs to the catchment area of the Weser, all that drains from those in the east, to that of the Elbe". Heinrich Heine also used the Brocken as the dividing line in his book ''Die Harzreise'' ("The Harz Journey") in 1824 and remarked that the "Lower Harz, as the eastern side of the Brocken is called, as opposed to its western side, () called the Upper Harz". This definition extends the ''montane'' Upper Harz eastwards roughly to the state border with Saxony-Anhalt, so that e.g. Braunlage or Hohegeiß may also be counted as lying within the Upper Harz, as well as some high mountain ridges:
To the east it transitions to the less prominent Lower Harz which descends gently eastwards. The High Harz (''Hochharz'') refers to the only sparsely populated region around the Brocken (), Bruchberg, Wurmberg, Torfhaus and Acker, which lie above . The High Harz therefore includes most of the Harz National Park.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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